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856 record(s) found.

Papers & Reports Reproductive ecology of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in Northwestern Florida
Authors: Margaret S Gunzburger
Date: 2006 | Outlet: American Midland Naturalist 155: 309-316
Information on life-history traits is critical to understanding population dynamics of anurans. The objective of this study was to examine aspects of the reproductive ecology of Hyla cinerea in northwestern Florida. Four breeding localities in Leon County, Florida, were sampled over three seasons (2001–2003), amplexed pairs were found as early as 12 April and as late as 12 August. Egg clutches were counted from 51 amplexed pairs and adult size was measured in 43 pairs. Average clutch size was 1214 ± 528 eggs ( ± se, range = 359–2658). Female H. cinerea were slightly larger than males ( ± se tibiofibula length = 24.9 ± 2.2 and 24 ± 1.7 mm, respectively). Female size was significantly positively correlated with clutch size and weakly correlated with size of the paired male. Comparison of the results of this study with previous research indicates that the reproductive ecology of H. cinerea varies across its geographic range.
Papers & Reports Differential predation on tadpoles influences the potential effects of hybridization between Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa
Authors: Margaret S Gunzburger
Date: 2005 | Outlet: Journal of Herpetology 36: 682-687
Long-term effects of hybridization and introgression are influenced by performance of hybrids in habitats of parental species. The treefrogs Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa, which typically breed in permanent and temporary habitats, respectively, have occasionally hybridized throughout the Southeastern United States. To predict in which of the parental habitats effects of hybridization might be strongest, I performed experiments to evaluate predation on tadpoles of H. cinerea, H. gratiosa, and F1 hybrids with predators typical of the breeding habitats of the parental species. Hybrid tadpoles had lower survival with sunfish than odonate naiad (dragonfly) predators and tended to increase hiding behavior in response to sunfish predation. Tadpoles of H. gratiosa also had higher survival with odonates than sunfish, but H. cinerea had similar survival with both predator types. These results suggest that hybrids are most likely to survive and return to breed in temporary habitats used by H. gratiosa. Thus, hybridization and introgression might be more likely to have adverse effects on populations of H. gratiosa than H. cinerea.
Papers & Reports Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from a die-off in the 1970NULLs
Authors: David E Green; C K Sherman
Date: 2001 | Outlet: Journal of Herpetology 35: 92-103
Papers & Reports Health evaluation of amphibians in and near Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA)
Authors: David E Green; Erin Muths
Date: 2005 | Outlet: Alytes 22: 109–129
We conducted a health survey of amphibians in and adjacent to Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) to document current disease presence inside RMNP and identify disease outside RMNP with the potential to spread to the Park’s amphibians. Amphibians from five sites within RMNP and seven sites within 60 km of Park boundaries were collected and examined. Necropsies (n = 238), virus isolation, bacterial and fungal cultures, and histological examinations were carried out on amphibian egg masses (outside RMNP/within RMNP: 26/22), larvae (30/42), imagos (recently metamorphosed individuals) (0/3) and adults (61/67) of five species. Marked infections by a pathogenic chytrid fungus (chyridiomycosis), Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, were detected in three species (Bufo boreas, Pseudacris maculata and Rana sylvatica) from three of five sites within RMNP and in one of three species (P. maculata) from three sites outside RMNP. Of the fully metamorphosed individuals tested (B. boreas, P. maculata and R. sylvatica), chytridiomycosis was found in 60 % (n = 3), 46 % (n = 37) and 54 % (n = 7), respectively. Chytridiomycosis was the principal lethal pathogenic infectious disease detected in three amphibian species within or adjacent to RMNP. Higher fungi were isolated from the cloaca and skin of all five amphibian species. Watermolds (Oomycetes) were isolated from amphibian eggs or skin of all five species. No evidence of Ranavirus was found in cultures and histological examinations of 176 and 142 amphibians, respectively. Fifteen genera of bacteria were identified in larval and just metamorphosed amphibians, and a potentially pathogenic lungworm, Rhabdias sp, was identified in 61.1 % (n = 11) of B. woodhousii outside RMNP, but in only 2 (15.4 %) R. sylvatica within the Park.
Papers & Reports Spontaneous neoplasia in Amphibia
Authors: David E Green; J C Harshbarger
Date: 2001 | Outlet: Wright KM, Whitaker BR, editors. Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing 335-400
Papers & Reports Disease monitoring and biosecurity
Authors: David E Green; M J Gray; D L Miller
Date: 2009 | Outlet: Dodd CK Jr, editor. Amphibian ecology and conservation, a handbook of techniques. Oxford University Press 481-505
Papers & Reports Presence and significance of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and other amphibian pathogens at warm-water fish hatcheries in southeastern North America
Authors: David E Green; Kenneth C Dodd
Date: 2007 | Outlet: Herpetological Conservation & Biology 2: 43-47
We conducted health screenings for infectious diseases of amphibians at four warm-water fish hatcheries and one National Wildlife Refuge in the southeastern United States. We confirmed the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (amphibian chytrid fungus) in Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog) from one hatchery, as well as potentially new species of microsporidian and myxozoan parasites infecting all 10 amphibian species sampled. Viruses were not found in tissue cultures or histologically. Tens of thousands of individual amphibians may breed in outdoor warm water fish-rearing ponds. Although there have been no reports of disease outbreaks at the sampling sites, the potential transmission of infectious diseases between amphibians and fishes could have serious consequences for amphibian populations at recipient sites.
Papers & Reports Epizootiology of sixty-four amphibian morbidity and mortality events in the USA, 1996–2001
Authors: David E Green; K A Converse; A K Schrader
Date: 2002 | Outlet: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 969: 323-339
Papers & Reports Diseases and pathology of Amphibia
Authors: David E Green
Date: 2001 | Outlet: Wright KM, Whitaker BR, editors. Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing 401-485
Papers & Reports Salamander occupancy in dendritic ecological networks.
Authors: Evan HC Grant; L E Green; W H Lowe
Date: 2009 | Outlet: Freshwater Biology 54: 1370-1378
Papers & Reports Addressing error in identification of Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamanders) using spot patterns
Authors: Evan HC Grant; Priya Nanjappa
Date: 2006 | Outlet: Herpetological Review 37: 57-60
Papers & Reports Living in the branches: population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks.
Authors: Evan HC Grant; W H Lowe; W F Fagan
Date: 2007 | Outlet: Ecology Letters 10: 165-175
Papers & Reports Stream Salamander Species Richness and Abundance in Relation to Environmental Factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: A Stratified Random Survey
Authors: Evan HC Grant; R E Jung; Karen C Rice
Date: 2005 | Outlet: American Midland Naturalist 153: 348-356
Papers & Reports Double-observer approach to estimating egg mass abundance of pool-breeding amphibians.
Authors: Evan HC Grant; R E Jung; J C Nichols; J E Hines
Date: 2005 | Outlet: Wetlands Ecology and Management 13: 305-320
Papers & Reports Rana spp. (multiple ranid species). Hibernacula.
Authors: Evan HC Grant; I C Chellman; Priya Nanjappa; R E Jung
Date: 2004 | Outlet: Herpetological Review 35: 262-263
Papers & Reports The amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis detected in a community of stream and wetland amphibians.
Authors: Evan HC Grant; Larissa L Bailey; J L Ware; K L Duncan
Date: 2008 | Outlet: Applied Herpetology 5: 233-241
The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, responsible for the potentially fatal amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, is known to occur in a large and ever increasing number of amphibian populations around the world. However, sampling has been biased towards stream- and wetland-breeding anurans, with little attention paid to stream-associated salamanders.
We sampled three frog and three salamander species in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park, Maryland, by swabbing animals for PCR analysis to detect DNA of B. dendrobatidis.
Using PCR, we detected B. dendrobatidis DNA in both stream and wetland amphibians, and report here the first occurrence of the pathogen in two species of stream-associated salamanders. Future research should focus on mechanisms within habitats that may affect persistence and dissemination of B. dendrobatidis among stream-associated salamanders.
Papers & Reports Assessing visual implant elastomer mark retention in amphibian larvae through metamorphosis.
Authors: Evan HC Grant
Date: 2008 | Outlet: Journal of Wildlife Management 72: 1247-52
Papers & Reports Correlates of vernal pool occurence in the Massachusetts landscape.
Authors: Evan HC Grant
Date: 2005 | Outlet: Wetlands 25: 480-487
Papers & Reports Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group
Authors: A M Goebel; T A Ranker; P. Stephen Corn; R G Olmstead
Date: 2009 | Outlet: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 209–225
The Anaxyrus boreas species group currently comprises four species in western North America including the broadly distributed A. boreas, and three localized species, Anaxyrus nelsoni, Anaxyrus exsul and Anaxyrus canorus. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, control region, and restriction sites data, identified three major haplotype clades. The Northwest clade (NW) includes both subspecies of A. boreas and divergent minor clades in the middle Rocky Mountains, coastal, and central regions of the west and Pacific Northwest. The Southwest (SW) clade includes A. exsul, A. nelsoni, and minor clades in southern California. Anaxyrus canorus, previously identified as paraphyletic, has populations in both the NW and SW major clades. The Eastern major clade (E) includes three divergent lineages from southern Utah, the southern Rocky Mountains, and north of the Great Basin at the border of Utah and Nevada. These results identify new genetic variation in the eastern portion of the toad’s range and are consistent with previous regional studies from the west coast. Low levels of control region sequence divergence between major clades (2.2–4.7% uncorrected pair-wise distances) are consistent with Pleistocene divergence and suggest that the phylogeographic history of the group was heavily influenced by dynamic Pleistocene glacial and climatic changes, and especially pluvial changes, in western North America. Results reported here may impact conservation plans in that the current taxonomy does not reflect the diversity in the group.
Papers & Reports Changes in frog and toad populations over 30 years in New York State
Authors: J P Gibbs; K K Whiteleather; F W Schueler
Date: 2005 | Outlet: Ecological Applications 15: 1148-1157